There are three types of variables: Controlled Variables: You can have as many controlled variables as you like. For example a regulation tennis ball is dropped from about 1 meter. In this experiment the only variable that we modify is the release height and we keep all other variables unchanged. The ball did not reach terminal velocity however as it did not have enough time to accelerate to its terminal velocity. Measure the height the ball reaches after the first bounce and record. Experiment 2 is for testing the effect of air pressure. The example of the bouncing ball is used to study projectile motion in mechanics. Your assistant will record the bounce. You will be able to precisely measure the time intervals between bounces. In this experiment you will test the bounce of a dropped ball for different surface hardness. The first stage is where the ball bounces from the surface of the ground. Purpose C) Frozen tennis balls will not bounce as high. The coefficient of restitution is the ratio of the final to initial speed between two bodies after the collision. It will be important to keep track of what times go between what bounces. Choose one of the variables you listed in #4, and design an experiment to test it. No, as the acceleration is not proportional to the displacement. Ball If you have any questions or need more support about this project, click on the , If you are new in doing science project, click on . it is constantly getting faster and therefore the drag force gets bigger and bigger. 3. Use the pencil and ruler to connect the incoming and outgoing trajectories of the marble to the point where the marble bounced off the wood. This is because it is easiest as the figure read of the meter rule is the result. In this experiment you will drop a ball on a hard surface such as table and record the sounds it makes when it bounces using a computer and any sound recorder program. Readings: Carrying out an investigation In this project we will try to find out what factors affect the bounce of a dropped ball. In this experiment you will measure the bounce of a dropped ball for different release heights. it seems the ball is experiencing an oscillatory motion. tennis and baseball) includes the CoR test. Either the coefficient to restitution that was worked out is incorrect, which would mean that the first three results are inaccurate or subsequent results were inaccurate. This denting extracts energy from the balls motion and stores much of it in the elastic surfaces of the floor and ball. It was decided that the first drop would start at 2m off the floor and then move down in intervals of 10cm to 10 cm off the floor. However if two results are recorded that do not fit the trend of other results nor are close to results recorded for that height then the experiments accuracy would be brought into doubt. Its 100% free. This project guide contains information that you need in order to start your project. Research questions therefore always refer to two variables, and the relationship between them. An investigation of the factors that influence the bounce height of a tennis ball when dropped onto the floor could consider the drop height and the type of surface the ball is dropped onto. The investigation could try to answer these research questions: A controlled variable is one which the researcher holds constant (controls) during an experiment. Ramp and ball, controlled study lab report The ball moves upwards, reaching stage 1, i.e., maximum height, and its velocity is momentarily zero. Bouncing Ball Experiment Our simple experiment is to drop a ping pong ball weighed at 3 grams from a height of 1 metre then 90cm, 80cm, 70cm, The following is a college level project, but some grade 9 to 12 students can also complete this with no problem. CR can be found out by looking at a graph, the gradient, as a percentage of 1 gives the amount of energy conserved and therefore CRcan be found without knowing v22or v12. The CoRs apply to balls dropped or thrown at a rigid wooden surface. Variables Independent variable = drop height Dependent variable = bounce height Controlled variables = ball, surface, measuring tool. Drag is a squared function of velocity and therefore as the ball drops drag increases a greater amount each second. Bouncing Ball Lab - Warren County Public Schools The ball rebounds to 38 percent of its previous height and continues to fall. Grammar mistakes. These stages can also be represented graphically using three plots including a displacement, velocity, and acceleration vs time graph. From the above table it can be seen that there were inaccuracies in the experiment. Have all your study materials in one place. If you did not observe anything different than what happened with your control, the variable you changed may not affect the system you are investigating. WebLearn how to identify types of variables in a simple experiment with bouncing balls. It is always good to have an explanation for choosing any hypothesis. The Particular experiment is about : How does the drop height of a ball affects the bounce height of the ball. Method:The apparatus will be set up as shown: H is the height of the ball before it is dropped. Therefore the ball dropped from the higher height must give out more thermal energy in order to end up with the same amount of energy as the other ball. The motion of the ball can be described using velocity, displacement, and acceleration graphs, or geometric sequences. What is the control variable in the bouncing ball experiment? Air pressure will affect the balls fall slightly as the concentration of air particles per cubic meter varies with air pressure. If you choose to study on the effect of air pressure inside the ball, your variables will be defined like this: Independent variable (also known as manipulated variable) is the balls air pressure. A) scientific method. The bounce of a dropped ball has a direct relation with the release height. The mass of the ball will affect the height the ball bounces to because it affects the balls starting energy. Independent Variable: The height from which the ball is dropped. Summarize what happened. Many questions are related. Variables - Working scientifically - KS3 Science - BBC Bitesize What does the motion of a bouncing ball look like? Make a step-by-step list of what you will do to answer each question. As it falls, the ball converts energy stored in the force of gravitygravitational potential energyinto energy of motionkinetic energy. In the bouncing ball example, external forces such as air resistance are assumed to be zero. The same square of tiling will be used throughout the experiment so that inconsistencies between different floor tiles do not affect results. This will be repeated five times, possibly more (for accuracy), for each height and the top and bottom results will be discounted. You measure this response, or record data, in a table for this purpose. WebA control variable (or scientific constant) in scientific experimentation is an experimental element which is constant (controlled) and unchanged throughout the course of the If the elastic potential energy is the same then the same amount of energy is converted back into KE and so the balls leave the floor at the same speed. This is why it. The ball rebounds to 72 percent of its previous height and continues to fall. 2. Hold the ball at 6 feet height and release it. A bouncing ball follows a projectile motion which is moving near the surface of the earth in a curved path due to the effect of gravity. For testing air pressure you will need one ball that is inflatable such as a basketball ball. The ball has reached its terminal velocity and cannot fall any faster (unless dropped in a vacuum). What are the variables in the ramp experiment? Identifying variables is necessary before you can make a hypothesis. What Effects the Bounce of a Dropped Ball Also the mass of the ball affects the chances of the ball reaching its terminal velocity. I do not believe that any ball will reach terminal velocity in this experiment seeing as the maximum height that they can be dropped from is 2m and, as the ball is quite smooth, I do not believe that it will have enough time to accelerate to its terminal velocity before it hits the floor. Hypothesis: Based on your gathered information, make an educated For an infinite number of turns, another geometric sequence formula can be used. For the lower heights the flight time of the ball was extremely short and again it was difficult to move ones head over the distance from h1 to h2 in order to obtain accurate results. The CoR can be measured directly by velocity measurements but often it is handier to measure the height of rise of the ball after it bounces relative to the height that it fell. For instance result 3 from 200cm was an anomaly but was not taken into account when taking the average of the middle three. The dependent variable is how high the ball bounces. Control variables include the type of ball, the surface that it is dropped onto and the size of the ball. 3. Testing reaction times can be investigated by dropping a ruler and seeing how quickly someone can grab it. The independent variable is the person who is trying to catch the ruler. As the ball hits the floor with less KE than it would have done if it had been dropped in a vacuum it follows that less energy is converted into elastic potential energy and back into KE again. D (60%) Independent: - Type of surface the tennis ball is dropped on. Projectile motion is the motion of objects that are moving near the surface of the earth in a curved path due to the effect of gravity. Control Variables: Definition, Uses & Examples - Statistics By Jim A series of experiments can be done by changing one variable a different amount each time. Problem: Hypothesis: Experiment: They can be the hardest part of a project. Repeat your tests 9 more times and each time lower the release height for 6 inches. The mass is cancelled out in the above equation, and we re-arrange with respect to velocity. Dependent Variable: The height of the bounce. Its high order and functions achieved with differential and integral operations can't fit any circle, because circles must cover constant speed in simple harmonic motion. This will hopefully discount any anomalies automatically and leave us with three accurate and reliable results. To find out what affects the height to which a ball bounces. This means that the higher h. will differ from the height that the ball would have reached had it been dropped in a vacuum. Why or why not? The decision for the size of interval and the amount of results collected will depend upon the time taken to conduct the experiment and any other factors that may become apparent during the preliminary experiment. It was difficult to accurately measure the height of the bounce. where g is the gravitational acceleration (9.8 m/ sec 2 at the Earths surface), and where h is the height of the object, measured with respect to any convenient zero- level. The higher the height from which the ball was dropped from, the higher the height to which it bounced. So an imperfect ball loses some energy on each bounce. These stages are continuously repeated and shown in the sequence below. Type your answer here: The independent is the variable you change, The dependent variable is the variable you observe to determine the impact of the independent variable, and control variable is the constant, which is something that is assigned a value, and it will not change in the experiment. If you did not observe a consistent, reproducible trend in your series of experimental runs there may be experimental errors affecting your results. Therefore the energy that the ball hits the floor with = mh, The proportion of energy lost when ball hits the floor = The Coefficient to the restitution of the two objects (C, All of the energy that the ball leaves the floor with is converted back into GPE, If dropping a ball in a vacuum all you need to know in order to know how high the ball will bounce to is h, can be found out by looking at a graph, the gradient, as a percentage of 1 gives the amount of energy conserved and therefore C. The clamp stand will be clamped down to the desk using a g-clamp to prevent it falling over and causing possible injuries. At the terminal speed, the drag force = the gravitational force. Using the geometric sequence formula, the sum of the terms which are the heights of the ball after each bound: \(S_n = \frac{\alpha(1-r^n)}{1-r} = \frac{6m(1-0.38^5)}{1-0.38} = 9.6 m\). WebThere are many different variables that would affect the bounce height of a ball. Also the ball flattening upon impact doesnt have to be taken into account whereas if one was measuring from the top of the ball as it hits the floor to the top of the ball before dropping it or at the top of its arc after bouncing or the middle of the ball as it hits the ground to the middle of the ball before dropping it or the middle of the ball at the top of its bounce then the fact that the ball flattens momentarily on impact with the floor would have to be taken into account. Specifically, you are tasked to determine: B.) Control Variable: Simple Definition - Statistics How To This would allow one to find the terminal velocity of the ball. In this experiment there are FOUR VARIABLES. Find sections related to potential energy, elasticity and springs. The higher the air pressure the more air particles per cubic meter. The push that the ball receives from the floor at the moment of the impact causes it to bounce upwards. A real-life bouncing ball example would experience an oscillatory motion which would gradually lose energy, causing the height of the bounce to reduce over time until eventually, the ball came to a stop. For an experiment to give answers you can trust, it must have a control. A control is an additional experimental trial or run. A thrown or batted ball may travel faster than the terminal speed, but it will experience a large drag force from the air which is greater than its weight. Dependent variable is the height that the ball bounces. As there is more GPE more energy is converted into KE (The ball is going faster, KE=1/2mv. As a general rule, when the ball is travelling in the positive direction (upwards), the velocity can be assumed to be positive. As elasticity and hardness decreases, part of the ball energy will be used to permanently dent or misplace or vibrate the surface, so ball will have less energy to bounce. Click Create Assignment to assign this modality to your LMS. You will then take your bounces and their respective time intervals to a spread sheet. Is a bouncing ball an example of Newton's third law? For a falling object the Coefficient to restitution (CR) is equal to the velocity squared as the object is travelling at as it leaves the floor (v22) divided by the velocity squared as it hits the floor (v12): If dropping a ball in a vacuum all you need to know in order to know how high the ball will bounce to is h1 and CR. These are illustrated below. Please note that many online stores for science supplies are managed by MiniScience. " Design an experiment to test each hypothesis. The reason for our error was that we thought that the tennis ball might be specially made to bounce to the same height. Now is the time to pull together what happened, and assess the experiments you did. Control variable - Wikipedia Nie wieder prokastinieren mit unseren Lernerinnerungen. the Scientific Method So if we double the air pressure, we will get double bounce height. During the preliminary experiment it was established that time was not an important factor that had to be taken into account when deciding how many different heights to drop the ball from and the interval between those heights. This experiment would provide me with more results that are relevant to the experiment that I have already conducted. WebThe main variables in a science experiment are the independent variable, the dependent variable and the control variables. Five repeats were done as it was deemed that an average of the middle three was reasonably accurate. The answer lies in how far the ball has dented inward due to its collision with the floor. B) If this is an ideal scenario where energy is not lost and the ball continues to bounce infinitely, what is the distance of travel? Sometimes variables are linked and work together to cause something. The motion of the ball can be described using velocity, displacement, and acceleration WebBouncing Ball Experiment. Apparatus:Clamp stand, meter rule 2, table tennis ball, desk. A geometric sequence is a progression where each term is related to the previous term, and it is related to the previous term by a number r, which is known as the common ratio of the sequence. Since v2 = 2gh, the CoR = v/v = sqrt(h/h) where h is the height of the bounce and h is the height from which the ball is dropped. For a dropped ball, the total mechanical energy is defined as the sum of its kinetic energy and its gravitational potential energy. The ball weighs exactly 2.5g. Instead, as the ball is still always loosing GPE so long as it is still falling, all GPE is converted into thermal energy. The purpose of this project is to find out what factors affect the bounce of a dropped ball. Aim:To find out what affects the height to which a ball bounces. Being precise as the we drop the ball from a very big height the ball will bounce back at a very big height by Newton's Charged Particle in Uniform Electric Field, Electric Field Between Two Parallel Plates, Magnetic Field of a Current-Carrying Wire, Mechanical Energy in Simple Harmonic Motion, Galileo's Leaning Tower of Pisa Experiment, Electromagnetic Radiation and Quantum Phenomena, Centripetal Acceleration and Centripetal Force, Total Internal Reflection in Optical Fibre. It was more reliable to use the middle three results as it automatically discounted any anomalies; assuming two similar anomalies were recorded for one height, if they were then they both would be discounted. WebWhat is a control? Be perfectly prepared on time with an individual plan. Does a ball bounce higher or lower in moon (Less Gravity), while all other conditions are constant? Following are some sample information that you may find: Everyone has played with balls that bounce, but few people truly understand the physics behind a bouncing ball. Air resistance exists but does not affect the velocity of the ball significantly. If the KE is the same as they hit the ground the energy stored in the ball as elastic potential energy will be the same also. stay constant, results in an increase in m g h, stay constant, results in a decrease in m g h, The surface onto which the ball is dropped will affect the height to which the ball bounces because for any two objects that collide, the properties of both determine the percentage of the kinetic energy either possesses approaching the collision that is conserved subsequent to the collision taking place (Coefficient to restitution) discounting the effects of air resistance.
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