Nyiragongo are rewarded with a view of the worlds largest lava lake as it churns and bubbles. However, taking one taxing step at a time has paid off. Remains of dicots such as African caper (Capparis tomentosa), Maerua species, wild cucurbits, and nightshades were found in dung balls of African elephants (Loxodonta) that play a significant role for seed dispersal in the grasslands. Their ambitious peace-building program aims to create 100,000 jobs, providing young Congolese with viable alternatives to conflict-related activities. Massive pods of hippo lurk around the shallows of Lake Edward and wallow in the various rivers, and bongo antelope have been spotted in the parks northern reaches. The central sector is centred around the banks of Lake Edward. [33], In 2005, the European Commission (EC) recommended a public-private partnership between the country's government and the British non-governmental organisation African Conservation Fund. The rapid population surge causes environmental damage, and Virungas Rangers struggle to protect the forests. The, However, this is no idle volcano. Over 90% of refugees settle within walking distance of Park borders. The gorilla massacres catalyzed a groundswell of efforts to protect Virunga. (800,000 hectares) an area roughly three times the size of Luxembourg. Learn more about Dodo Bahati, a project supporting anti-poaching efforts in Virunga National Park. The grey crowned crane can be found in the wetlands, open grasslands, savannas, and cultivated areas and tropical lowland forests near the Ishasha River and Rwindi River. Poachers murder four mountain gorillas, making this the first time in 10 years that a mountain gorilla had been poached within Park borders. Virunga National Park is a national park in the Albertine Rift Valley in the eastern part of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.It was created in 1925. In addition to buffalo, the plains support several ungulates, including topi, Ugandan kob, waterbuck, warthog, and red river and giant forest hog. Okapi (Okapia johnstoni), blue duiker (Philantomba monticola), bay duiker (Cephalophus dorsalis), Weyns's duiker (C. weynsi), yellow-backed duiker (C. silvicultor), water chevrotain (Hyemoschus aquaticus), red river hog (Potamochoerus porcus), aardvark (Orycteropus afer) and bongo (Tragelaphus eurycerus) were recorded in the northern sector in 2008. This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/place/Virunga-Mountains, Virunga Mountains - Children's Encyclopedia (Ages 8-11), Virunga Mountains - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up). The Virunga Mountains : 8 Related Volcanoes. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. This may also be done to protect the highly susceptible apes from human diseases like Covid-19. Networking & debating APP subscribers only, TRUSTED CONSERVATION PROJECTS Hippo numbers increase to over 2000 for the first time in 20 years. In the national park's northern sector, African leopard (P. pardus pardus), marsh mongoose (Atilax paludinosus), giant pangolin (Smutsia gigantea), tree pangolin (Phataginus tricuspis), crested porcupine (Hystrix cristata), Lord Derby's scaly-tailed squirrel (Anomalurus derbianus), Boehm's bush squirrel (Paraxerus boehmi), western tree hyrax (Dendrohyrax dorsalis), Emin's pouched rat (Cricetomys emini) and checkered elephant shrew (Rhynchocyon cirnei) were recorded during surveys in 2008. The crowned crane stands at over 3 feet (1 meter) tall, with predominantly grey plumage, white and black wings, a bright red gular pouch, and a crown of golden feathers. Tourism remains a cornerstone of the parks conservation efforts, and to that end, all of the lodges within the park are non-profit, with all proceeds fed back into keeping the park protected. In this near-forgotten corner of Africa, adventurers, soul-seekers, and naturalists will find an electrifying celebration of life at its most raw a kaleidoscope of natures wonders and a living history of human and wild resilience. [2], In 1996, the national park was listed as a Ramsar site of international importance. The Virunga Mountains are 8 famously known mountain ranges that lie on the northern border of Rwanda and Congo and south western part of Uganda. Though valiant efforts were made to protect the park, the end of the 20. century saw much of the parks wildlife massacred almost to the point of extinction. Chattering troops of flamboyant eastern b, There are four recognised subspecies of the African buffalo in Africa and two of these the Cape and forest are found in Virunga. The camps of various armed factions are dismantled in the Central Sector of the Park. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). The crater of Muhavura contains a small lake. The ICCN (Institut Congolais pour la Conservation de la Nature). These local men and women go through intensive training, risking their lives on a daily basis to safeguard the Parks exceptional wildlife, including the last of the worlds endangered mountain gorillas. Want to go on a safari to Virunga? [34], Efforts at nature conservation have had contradictory effects, for example when farms were destroyed within Kibirizi, and soldiers and park guards were sent in to patrol, people migrated even further within the park to land controlled by the FDLR, where they could rent small plots of land. Only one mountain of the 8 is an active volcano that is Mount Nyiragongo found in DRCongo. As anyone who has ever spent time with gorillas will tell you, it is an experience that defies words and borders on sacred. It was created in 1925. Lake Rutenzige is fed by several large rivers, the Rutshuru River being one, and drains to the north through the Semliki River into Lake Albert. Here, Virunga reaches Lake Kivu and borders Volcanoes National Park in Rwanda and Mgahinga National Park in Uganda. The park is also home to a diverse array of fauna and flora, including over 200 mammal species and a third of the worlds remaining mountain gorillas. Created in 1925, it has an area of some 3,050 square miles (7,900 square km) and contains a vast diversity of habitats. Mount Mikeno is an extinct volcano located in the Virunga Mountains. Updates? There is a place in the heart of Africa where glacier-tipped mountains tumble down into steamy rain forests, where fiery lava lakes bubble, and savannas and grasslands stretch as far as the eye can see. They studied and collected zoological specimens of wildlife for the Muse Royal d'Histoire Naturelle de Belgique;[20][21] explored the ethnic groups in this area;[22] studied volcanic activity,[23] and fossils. Flora/Vegatation in Virunga national park; Virunga's strategic location at the frontier between various biogeographic zones offers it an upper hand to protect both tropical rainforest and eastern steppe species and its range of altitudes adds to the habitat variety.The diversity in flora includes: bamboo and Hagenia forest on the mountains; equatorial forest along the Semiliki; wooded . Updates? Here is a summary of the most important information about the hike that can become one of the most amazing experiences of your life. [2] It is comparable in size to Haiti or the state of . Some of the Ruwenzori Mountains are permanently snow-capped, and glaciers exist at high elevations. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. Which mountain in Uganda has snow? - 2023 Described by the Virunga park authorities as the Congos real treasure (rather than oil or metals), there are believed to be over 300 of these precious primates within the park. It is headed by Andr Bauma, a man who has become almost as famous as his gorilla charges. There are an estimated 30,000 individuals left in the wild. The Virunga Mountains, located in the northwest part of Rwanda, contain the country's highest peak, Karisimbi, which reaches nearly 15,000 feet. Conservation protects the mountains alpine vegetation, as well as wildlife that includes the golden monkey and the mountain gorilla. The protected area is a portion of the Virunga massif a chain of 8 volcanic mountains that straddle the borders between Uganda, Rwanda and DR Congo. The Virunga Mountains lie between Lakes Kivu and Edward and extend into Rwanda and Uganda. East African mountains | mountains, East Africa | Britannica While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. Both state security services and such groups also resort to armed robberies and kidnapping for income. When it was first established, Virunga National Park was limited to three volcanoes in the south, but was later expanded northward to include the Rwindi plains, Lake Edward and the Rwenzori Mountains of the Moon. The past 14 years have been far from plain sailing, and the park has suffered its fair share of losses, particularly of the brave rangers dedicated to protecting the park. The six volcanoes of the centre and east are extinct. The range runs east-west, perpendicular to the rift valley in which lie Lakes Kivu and Edward. Mount Nyiragongo in Virunga National Park is one . It is also a vital elephant habitat, as evidenced by the unexpected migration of, nearly 600 elephants from neighbouring Queen Elizabeth. In 2007, the mass killing of the Rugendo family of gorillas catapulted the parks plight onto the world stage, and the global attention spurned increased funding and conservation measures. Chimpanzees are an endangered species and one of the four species of great apes. [50] Here dedicated keepers have raised the young survivors of anthropogenic cruelty (poaching and snaring), as well as rehabilitating eastern lowland gorillas. Communities around Lake Edward are fearful of the impact of potential oil activity on their livelihoods. The human population there, which was negligible when the park was established, increased considerably during the late 20th century. Of these, nine gorilla families have been carefully habituated over the last thirty years. The Virungas form a barrier between the Nile Basin to the north and east and the Congo Basin to the west and south. Virunga Mountains | Location, Description, & Facts It erupts on average every two years. The UK oil company Soco announces that it will not renew its claim to an oil concession in Virunga National Park. [7] About 850,000 refugees lived around the national park in 1994. [54] Virunga is the only site on earth to have three types of great apes the mountain gorilla, eastern lowland gorilla, and eastern chimpanzee. Virunga Mountain Hiking Take a Thrilling Adventure in Uganda Hiking the Sabyinyo Volcano Virunga National Park was founded in 1925 as Albert National Park. At a height of 16,761 feet (5,109 meters), the Rwenzori mountains feature the largest glaciers left on the African continent making this area, populated by glaciers-fed rivers, waterfalls and lakes, one of Africas most beautiful alpine landscapes. Virunga National Park is a national park in the Albertine Rift Valley in the eastern part of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The most visited section is the southern sector, dominated by dense montane forests home to a vital population of Africas remaining mountain gorillas. Baumas love for his primate family endeared him to the audiences of the Oscar-nominated film, Virunga. [25], Land laws were reformed in the 1960s after Belgian Congo became independent as the Republic of the Congo, and the land declared property of the state, much to the disadvantage of local people. A land of unparalleled biodiversity and exceptional beauty, bursting with life of every form. Omissions? Every family comes with its dynamics, characters and stories, and the rangers have kept track of it all you can read more about their histories and present breakdown here. Approximately one-third of the worlds population is found in Virunga National Park (the remainder is divided between Volcanoes, Mgahinga and Bwindi Impenetrable national parks in neighbouring Rwanda and Uganda). Virunga is the continents most biologically diverse protected area and a national park embarking on an ambitious development programme known as the Virunga Alliance. The mountain range is a branch of the Albertine Rift Mountains, which border the western branch of the East African Rift. The Mountain Gorillas of Virunga National Park. Mikeno and Sabinio are the oldest of these, dating from the early part of the Pleistocene Epoch (the Pleistocene began about 2,600,000 years ago and lasted until about 11,700 years ago); their craters have disappeared, and erosion has imposed a jagged relief. As is inevitable, this tableau of human suffering has spilt over into the conservation of the countrys natural resources, and Virunga has found itself in the middle of countless conflicts. Carefully selected conservation projects one-stop, seamless, transparent donations APP subscribers only. The Rwandan genocide causes nearly two million refugees to flee the country. Though there are innumerable reasons to want to visit Virunga National Park, the potential insecurity in the region is of concern to many prospective visitors. However, taking one taxing step at a time has paid off. Geography of Rwanda. Coordinates: .mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}012545S 293254E / 1.42917S 29.54833E / -1.42917; 29.54833. editors@africageographic.com The Virunga Mountains | Congo Safari Tours | Explore Congo Rwanda One of Africas most spectacular protected areas. The two active volcanoes in the range Mount Nyiragongo and Mount Nyamuragira are in Virunga National Park, and both reach heights of over 3,000 metres. Chattering troops of flamboyant eastern black-and-white colobus monkeys frequent the lodges while the booming calls of De Brazzas monkeys echo through the valleys. Tullow Oil Plc, TotalEnergies, ENI and China National Offshore Oil Corporation Ltd (CNOOC) were interested in acquiring drilling permissions. Together with Queen Elizabeth National Park, Virunga is considered by the IUCN to be a Lion Conservation Unit. In addition to buffalo, the plains support several ungulates, including topi, Ugandan kob, waterbuck, warthog, and red river and giant forest hog. The 8 Virunga Volcano Mountains Over the past 20 years, Virunga has seen many periods of conflict, often beginning in or around the Park. Tree heath (Erica arborea), heather and mosses cover humid slopes up to 3,700m (12,100ft) elevation. The park is periodically closed when they feel that the situation on the ground is such that security cannot be guaranteed. It conserves a diversity of habitats that surpasses any other park on the continent and is tucked along the eastern boundary of the Democratic Republic of Congo, protecting the eastward extremity of the Congo Basin. and wallow in the various rivers, and bongo antelope have been spotted in the parks northern reaches. Show map of Democratic Republic of the Congo, List of mountains peaks in the Virunga Mountain Range, Learn how and when to remove this template message, "Virunga Mountains | Location, Description, & Facts", List of countries where Arabic is an official language, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Virunga_Mountains&oldid=1133900401, Mountain ranges of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, World Heritage Sites in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles needing additional references from August 2018, All articles needing additional references, Wikidata value to be checked for Infobox mountain, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 16 January 2023, at 01:48. The mountain range is a branch of the Albertine Rift Mountains, which border the western branch of the East African Rift. They eat mostly fruit, but also feed on buds, shoots, leaves, flowers, and insects. The great volcanoes of this range, clothed in cloud forests, include the dormant Mikeno, Karisimbi, Visoke, and Sabinio (Sabinyo), as well as the active Nyiragongo and Nyamulagira. [5] [24], In the late 1950s, Tutsi herders and their cattle entered the park, destroying natural habitat up to an altitude of 3,000m (9,800ft), which was thought to threaten the park's gorillas. However, another creature is arguably Virungas (and Africas) most peculiar offering. The lava field of these two volcanoes has remained active, with notable eruptions occurring in 1912, 1938, 1948, the 1970s, and 2002. These, in turn, keep the lions of the park suitably satiated. The female, with a wingspan of up to 8 feet (2.4 meters), is larger than the male. Farther north are the Rutshuru Falls and the Mai ya Moto sulfur springs. The 8 Virunga Volcano Mountains: The Virunga is a chain of Volcanic Mountains in East Africa that's shared between Uganda, Rwanda and DRC. The word Virunga is and English word derived from Kinyarwanda word "Ibirunga" to meat "Mountains" Virunga Mountains - Virunga Volcanoes, Virunga Mountain Ranges Virunga national park located in the democratic republic of Congo hosts 6 Virunga volcanoes that is mount karisimbi, mount Nyiragongo, mount Sabyinyo, mount Mikeno, mount Nyamurangira, and Mount Bisoke. [4] These, in turn, keep the lions of the park suitably satiated. [45] Its northern sector encompasses part of the Semliki River basin, as well as savanna and montane forest of the Albertine Rift. Virunga is a UNESCO World Heritage Site due to its spectacular biodiversity, with over 2,000 plant species, 706 bird species, and nearly 200 reptile and amphibian species. Most of them are dormant, except Mount Nyiragongo 3,462 metres (11,358ft) and Mount Nyamuragira 3,063 metres (10,049ft), both in the DRC. The local community has developed negative feeling towards park personnel and the military. Habituation is a critical component of gorilla conservation, as it allows for detailed research to be undertaken on the species. The largest herd of elephants over 500 - since the 1980's are observed in the Ishasha corridor of Virunga. They are located between Lake Edward and Lake Kivu. Later in the Pleistocene (about 900,000 to 130,000 years ago), Karisimbi, Visoke, Mgahinga, and Muhavura appeared, all but Karisimbi possessing a crater summit. Virunga National Park - UNESCO World Heritage Centre In Virungas southern sector around Bukima, there are currently ten habituated gorilla families and four solitary males which are also habituated, meaning that they are unafraid of human presence. The name Virunga comes from the Kinyarwanda word ibirunga, which means volcanoes. The southern sector stretches to the shores of Lake Kivu and encompasses Nyamulagira, Nyiragongo and Mikeno volcanoes with montane forests on their slopes. 2003). is the branch of the Congolese government tasked with the protection and conservation of protected areas in the DRC. As a consequence, the park remained closed to visitors from June 2018[38] until February 2019. The mountains are part of the Albertine rift located at the Great Rift Valley one of the world's largest natural features. The northern sector is characterised by the dramatic Rwenzori Mountains, with sharp peaks and plunging valleys that descend to the Semuliki River valley. To comment on this story: Download our app here - it's a troll-free safe place . HOW TO GET THE MOST OUT OF AFRICA GEOGRAPHIC: We're the Africa Geographic editorial team a diverse set of writers, editors, designers and social media natives, all united by our passion for this addictive continent. Much of the parks central region is occupied by Lake Edward. Virunga Mountains | National Park | Gorillas | Rwanda | Uganda After stringent health protocols (to avoid passing human pathogens to the immunologically nave gorillas) and a trek through thick vegetation, small groups of visitors are afforded the life-changing opportunity to spend an hour in the company of these gentle giants. Alongside this essential conservation work, the Park is committed to supporting local communities. [16][18] Between the late 1930s and 1955, an estimated 85,000 Rwandophone people were moved to nearby Masisi in North Kivu. The mountain gorilla is taken off the IUCN critically endangered species list, marking a victory for Congolese, Rwandan and Ugandan National Parks. Virunga is part of the Albertine Rift (the western branch of the East African Rift) and stretches from the snow-covered peaks of the Rwenzori Mountains in the north to the Virunga Massif in the south. [40] Again in January 2021, armed men killed at least six rangers and wounded several others in an ambush in the national park. These ranges consist of eight major volcanoes in Uganda, Congo with five of them located in Rwanda's Volcanoes National Park. The protected area was extended in 1929 by Virunga National Park, which encompassed the Virunga Mountains, parts of the Rutshuru Territory, and the plains south of Lake Edward. It is Virunga National Park in DRC, and it is remarkable. The Virunga Mountain in Rwanda, Congo and Uganda The Virunga volcanoes /mountains also locally known as Mufumbiro are located in three countries Uganda, Rwanda and DRCongo. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. Virunga mountains, Volcanoe ranges - African Birding Trips The 2008 partnership between the Congolese National Parks Authority (ICCN) and the Virunga Foundation marked a turning point in the parks history. The 300km-long park is divided into three primary sectors: northern, central, and southern, which together combine to protect an astonishing array of landscapes from alpine vegetation and montane forests to lava plains and wetlands. The ICCN (Institut Congolais pour la Conservation de la Nature) is the branch of the Congolese government tasked with the protection and conservation of protected areas in the DRC. Furthermore, a substantial number of these are Albertine Rift and Congolese endemics. Approximately one-third of the worlds population is found in Virunga National Park (the remainder is divided between Volcanoes, Mgahinga and Bwindi Impenetrable national parks in neighbouring Rwanda and Uganda). African alpine bamboo (Yushania alpina) grows at altitudes of 2,3002,600m (7,5008,500ft). Its initial size of 2,920.98km2 (1,127.80sqmi) was enlarged step by step in subsequent years. Regional conflict spills over and an estimated 5.6 million Congolese die from the fighting. The main crater of Nyiragongo is about three-quarters of a mile (1.2 km) across and contains a liquid lava pool. There are melodic Kivu ground thrushes, mythical Grauers cuckooshrikes and yellow-crested helmetshrikes, mysterious Albertine owlets and ghostly Congo Bay owls, dazzling purple-breasted and Rockefeller sunbirds, raucous white-headed woodhoopoes, dainty Rwenzori batises, data deficient and endangered Itombwe nightjars, Prigogines greenbuls, Kungwe apalises, Grauers swamp warbler and golden-naped weavers. Oil exploration by an English company only added to threats facing the already beleaguered park. The Virunga Mountains rise out of densely populated plateaus that are inhabited mostly by Rwandan cultivators and, in certain areas, by cattle herders. Only 629 hippos remain in the Park, a 98% decrease from the 30,000 of the 1960s and 1970s. Okapis are shy and solitary animals that resemble zebras but are more closely related to the giraffe and are endemic to the DRC. Every family comes with its dynamics, characters and stories, and the rangers have kept track of it all you can, read more about their histories and present breakdown here. Every morning, rangers set out at the crack of dawn to track down and monitor their charges, and by the time guests have stirred and downed their first coffee, many families have already been located. The Virunga Mountains and their associated lava flows extend across the Western Rift Valley. Average temperatures in lower altitudes vary from 2328C (7382F), and in higher altitudes from 1624C (6175F), rarely dropping below 14C (57F). Disorder spreads across the Park's Southern Sector. Individual volcanoes bear Rwandan descriptive names, such as Sabinio (Sabinyo; Old Man with Large Teeth) and Muhavura (Landmark, or Guide). [8] They were subsequently released unharmed. Virunga Mountains in Congo were formed as a result of volcanic activity from the past. The endangered eastern lowland gorilla, also known as the Grauers gorilla, is a sub-species of the eastern gorilla that resides in the lowland tropical rainforests of eastern Congo. Lions are carnivores that consume a wide variety of prey, from wildebeest, impala, zebra, giraffe, buffalo and wild hogs to the occasional rhino, hippo, or elephant when food is scarce. And last, but not least, the heart-stopping, utterly gorgeous and mysterious Shelleys Crimsonwing, which has never been photographed other than when netted during biodiversity surveys. Virunga Mountains Nyamuragira is a high-potassium basaltic shield volcano with an elevation of 10,033 feet (3,058 meters). Virunga National Park | Overview, Location, History, & Facts The park is a crucial habitat for giant and tree pangolin, crested porcupine and even Lord Derbys scaly-tailed squirrel (a rodent with a very similar design to flying squirrels). Mount Nyiragongo is 3,470 meters, Mount Nyamuragira is 3,058 meters and Mount Mikeno is 4,437 meters. Ten years later in 1979, Virunga was designated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. In 2008, the Congolese National Parks Authority, (Institut Congolais pour la Conservation de la Nature, ICCN), and the Virunga Foundation (then known as the Africa Conservation Foundation), entered into a partnership to manage the Park. (UK) +44 (23) 9387-7464 [14][15][16][17] Indigenous people lost their traditional land rights in this process, and were evicted from the protected area. There is something about the familiarity of their facial expressions, their familial bonds and the calm, contained power that makes gorilla trekking unlike any conventional animal encounter. The endangered Rwenzori duiker or Rwenzori red duiker is a stocky, small antelope endemic to the alpine zones of the Rwenzori mountains. Even the air is redolent with the scent of rich soil, and intrepid visitors find themselves besieged by butterflies and ebrious with delight at the natural life on show. Here dedicated keepers have raised the young survivors of anthropogenic cruelty (poaching and snaring), as well as rehabilitating eastern lowland gorillas. Hippo numbers increase to over 2000 for the first time in 20 years. January 17, Nyiragongo volcano erupts spreading lava through the city of Goma. The southern sector of Congos Virunga National Park includes those portions of the mountains that are within Congo; the southern flanks of the central and eastern mountains comprise Volcanoes National Park in northwestern Rwanda; and Gorilla National Park includes the Ugandan slopes of Mgahinga. [34], These tactics, criticised as "militarization of conservation", has been blamed for further violence and dispossession faced by local indigenous people. The name Virunga comes from the Kinyarwanda word ibirunga, which means volcanoes. [18] In 1969, the two parks were merged under the name Virunga National Park, which was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1979. The Virunga Mountains are home of the critically endangered mountain gorilla, listed on the IUCN Red List of Endangered Species due to habitat loss, poaching, disease, and war (Butynski et al. Five rangers and a driver were killed in April 2018. The mountain range consists of eight major volcanoes. [43], Virunga National Park is located in the Congo Nile watershed area. Hippos, which can weigh up to 4,400 pounds (almost 2,000 kilograms), make their home in many different rivers, lakes, and pools throughout Virunga. However, wet seasons are a good option for those with a pair of solid, waterproof boots looking to take advantage of the low-season discounts. The southern sector borders Rwanda's Volcanoes National Park. Senecio and Lobelia species grow on vast clearings and attain heights of up to 8m (26ft). The number of bird species in Virunga exceeds the total number in the U.S. and is more than three times the number in the U.K. Virungas recorded number of reptile species makes it the richest of the protected areas in Africa. For decades, the people of the DRC have struggled through war and instability that has killed millions of people.
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